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Pump it up"Centrifugal pumps have become more robust, with much tighter tolerances and stress analyses of components to increase efficiency and machine time to failure," according to Bruce Smith, North American sales manager for Fristam Pumps Inc., Middleton, Wis. Shaft deflection that results in moving parts hitting stationary components in the pump is a major contributor to pump failure, and manufacturers are addressing that concern.Liquid ring pumps are coming into play in the industry as an alternative to standard centrifugal pumps, adds Smith. Although these scavenger pumps have been around for a quarter of a century, pharmaceutical manufacturers have embraced the technology and forced redesigns that have expanded their applications. Liquid ring pumps are particularly adept at handling fluids with entrained air, an issue with cream, which tends to foam during transit. Liquid ring pumps do a superior job in fully evacuating a tank, a material-savings advantage that appeals to ice cream manufacturers and liquid egg processors, according to Smith. Pump improvements have been accelerated with the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, points out Russell Jones, business development manager-pumps for Alfa Laval in Pleasant Prairie, Wis. "From an R&D point of view, CFD is a big advance in optimizing design and increasing pump efficiency," he says. The technology has been instrumental in boosting pump efficiencies from the 40 percent range to 60 to 70 percent in recent years.

Pump it up"Centrifugal pumps have become more robust, with much tighter tolerances and stress analyses of components to increase efficiency and machine time to failure," according to Bruce Smith, North American sales manager for Fristam Pumps Inc., Middleton, Wis. Shaft deflection that results in moving parts hitting stationary components in the pump is a major contributor to pump failure, and manufacturers are addressing that concern.Liquid ring pumps are coming into play in the industry as an alternative to standard centrifugal pumps, adds Smith. Although these scavenger pumps have been around for a quarter of a century, pharmaceutical manufacturers have embraced the technology and forced redesigns that have expanded their applications. Liquid ring pumps are particularly adept at handling fluids with entrained air, an issue with cream, which tends to foam during transit. Liquid ring pumps do a superior job in fully evacuating a tank, a material-savings advantage that appeals to ice cream manufacturers and liquid egg processors, according to Smith. Pump improvements have been accelerated with the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, points out Russell Jones, business development manager-pumps for Alfa Laval in Pleasant Prairie, Wis. "From an R&D point of view, CFD is a big advance in optimizing design and increasing pump efficiency," he says. The technology has been instrumental in boosting pump efficiencies from the 40 percent range to 60 to 70 percent in recent years.

NITROGEN GENERATORSNitrogen generators use either membrane or pressure-swing-adsorption (PSA) technologies. Membrane generators made by Balston, a division of Parker, produce up to 99.5% pure, commercially sterile nitrogen at dewpoints to -58[degrees]F from compressed air. They use proprietary membrane-separation technology to divide air into two streams: one 95 to 99.5% pure nitrogen, the other oxygen-rich with carbon dioxide and other trace gases.Compressed air flows through bundles of individual, hollow fibers made of semipermeable membranes. Each fiber has a perfectly circular cross section and a uniform bore through its center. Because the fibers are so small, a great many can be packed into a limited space, providing enough surface area to produce a relatively high-volume flow of nitrogen.